Literasi kesehatan orang dengan HIV/AIDS

Rianti Kesumawati; Kusman Ibrahim; Witdiawati

doi:10.17509/jpki.v5i1.117

Abstract

Health literacy is an individual’s ability to find, understand and comprehend health information in determining decisions for their health. AIDS cases prevalence in Garut is still considered high. Health literacy is very important for those who live with HIV / AIDS (ODHA) because they are tend to be fragile toward opportunistic infections if they don’t get health treatment, disease prevention and health promotion. It is expected that ODHA can fulfill their needs by obtaining some health information in order to improve their health status. This study purpose is to find out the description of health literacy on people living with HIV / AIDS. This research used quantitative descriptive design and purposive sampling to take 60 respondents. The instrument used on this research are Health Literacy Study-Asia (HLS-Asia) questionnaire that is adapted from the Literacy Study-European (HLS-EU), wich developed by Kristine Sorensen. It consist of 40 questions and its validity has been tested with the results of alpha cronbach 0.982 to measure health literacy that conducted on June 2018 at the Dahlia Polyclinic of TNI-AD, Tk. IV Garut. Results this research Respondents who have lower literacy (56.7%) more than respondents who had high literacy (43.3%). The four components of low health literacy in Dahlia Polyclinic are the respondents’ difficulty to assess the information (63.3%) and to apply health information (61.7%). Hence, the health workers need to give ODHA simple health information clearly and provide facility for fulfilling their health treatment needs.

Abstrak

Literasi kesehatan merupakan kemampuan seseorang untuk mencari, memahami informasi kesehatan dalam menentukan keputusan bagi kesehatannya. Di Kabupaten Garut prevalensi kasus AIDS masih tinggi. Literasi kesehatan ini sangat penting untuk orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) karena sangat rentan terkena infeksi opportunistik apabila tidak dapat melakukan perawatan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit dan promosi kesehatan, diharapkan ODHA dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya melalui informasi yang diperoleh guna meningkatkan derajat kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran literasi kesehatan orang dengan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dan penarikan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sebanyak 60 responden. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner Health Literacy Study-Asia (HLS-Asia) diadaptasi dari Health Literacy Study-European (HLS-EU) yang dikembangkan oleh Kristine Sorensen terdiri dari 40 pertanyaan dan sudah diuji validitas dengan hasil alpha cronbach 0.982 untuk mengukur literasi kesehatan yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2018 di Poliklinik Dahlia TNI-AD Tk. IV Garut. Hasil penelitian Responden memiliki literasi rendah (56.7%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki literasi tinggi (43.3%). Keempat komponen literasi kesehatan yang rendah di Poliklinik Dahlia dikarenakan responden masih kesulitan dalam menilai informasi (63.3%) dan menerapkan informasi kesehatan (61.7%). Perlunya bagi petugas kesehatan memberikan informasi secara jelas, sederhana dan menyediakan sarana dan prasarana bagi ODHA untuk memenuhi kebutuhan perawatan kesehatannya.

Keywords:

health literacy HIV / AIDS people who live with HIV/AIDS

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