Publication Ethics

Authors of original research should present an accurate, transparent, and objective account of the research conducted and its significance. The manuscript should contain sufficient methodological detail to enable readers to understand and critically evaluate the study and, where appropriate, reproduce the research.

Fabrication, falsification, manipulation, selective reporting, deliberate omission of relevant findings, and knowingly inaccurate or misleading statements constitute unethical research and publication practices and are unacceptable.

Authors are expected to follow internationally recognized reporting guidelines appropriate to their study design, where applicable, including CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA, PRISMA-ScR, COREQ, SRQR, CARE, or other relevant reporting standards.

Authors are responsible for the accuracy, authenticity, and integrity of the data presented in their manuscripts.

JPKI may request authors to provide raw data, supporting documentation, study protocols, analytical materials, or other relevant research records when necessary for editorial assessment or investigation of research integrity concerns.

Authors should retain research data for an appropriate period following publication in accordance with applicable institutional, ethical, funder, and legal requirements.

Authors must ensure that manuscripts submitted to JPKI represent original scholarly work.

When authors use the words, ideas, data, methods, figures, tables, or other intellectual contributions of others, these sources must be appropriately acknowledged and cited.

JPKI reserves the right to screen submitted manuscripts using appropriate similarity-detection software and to take editorial action when plagiarism or inappropriate textual overlap is identified.

Authors must not simultaneously submit the same manuscript to JPKI and another journal.

Authors should not publish manuscripts describing substantially the same research in more than one primary publication. Duplicate publication, redundant publication, and undisclosed substantial overlap with previously published work are considered unacceptable publication practices.

Any legitimate secondary publication must be appropriately justified, transparently disclosed, and conducted in accordance with relevant publication standards.

Authors must appropriately acknowledge scholarly works that have contributed to the development, methodology, interpretation, or contextualization of their research.

References should be selected on the basis of their scientific relevance. Citation manipulation, including unnecessary citations intended primarily to increase the citation counts of particular authors, journals, institutions, or other entities, is unacceptable.

Information obtained through confidential processes, including manuscript peer review, grant assessment, private correspondence, or other privileged communication, must not be used without appropriate authorization.

Authorship of articles published in JPKI should be limited to individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions to the work and who are willing to take responsibility and accountability for their contributions.

All listed authors should have participated sufficiently in the research and manuscript preparation to justify authorship. Individuals who contributed to the study but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be appropriately acknowledged.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all listed authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission to JPKI.

Research involving human participants submitted to JPKI must comply with relevant ethical principles, institutional requirements, and applicable national and international standards.

Authors must provide information regarding approval or exemption from an appropriate Research Ethics Committee, Institutional Review Board (IRB), or equivalent ethical review body, including the name of the committee and approval number where applicable.

Appropriate informed consent must be obtained when required. Authors are responsible for protecting participants' dignity, privacy, confidentiality, safety, and rights. Personally identifiable information should not be published unless scientifically necessary and appropriate consent for publication has been obtained.

Research involving animals must comply with applicable institutional, national, and international standards concerning animal welfare and ethical research.

Where applicable, authors must provide details of approval from the relevant animal ethics committee or institutional authority and demonstrate that appropriate measures were taken to minimize unnecessary harm or suffering.

All authors must disclose any financial or non-financial competing interests that could influence, or could reasonably be perceived to influence, the conduct, interpretation, presentation, or publication of their research.

Relevant competing interests may include employment, consultancies, honoraria, grants, sponsorship, patents, financial interests, institutional relationships, professional relationships, academic competition, or other circumstances that may affect impartiality.

Disclosure of a competing interest does not automatically prevent publication. Disclosure enables editors, reviewers, and readers to evaluate the work transparently.

Authors must disclose all sources of financial support related to the research and publication of the manuscript.

Where relevant, authors should describe the role of the funding organization in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of findings, manuscript preparation, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Authors remain fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, integrity, and content of manuscripts submitted to JPKI, including content developed with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted technologies.

Artificial intelligence tools, including generative AI systems, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot assume responsibility or accountability for scholarly work.

Where AI-assisted technologies have materially contributed to manuscript preparation, data analysis, or other aspects of the research process, their use should be transparently disclosed in accordance with journal policy and relevant reporting standards.

Authors must ensure that the use of AI does not compromise research integrity, participant confidentiality, data protection, intellectual property rights, citation accuracy, or ethical standards.

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in JPKI, the author must promptly notify the Editor and cooperate in correcting or, when necessary, retracting the article.

Authors are expected to cooperate with legitimate post-publication investigations and provide relevant information or documentation when concerns regarding the integrity or reliability of their published work are raised.

Editors are responsible for determining whether submitted manuscripts are suitable for publication in JPKI.

Editorial decisions are based on scientific merit, originality, methodological quality, ethical compliance, relevance to the Focus and Scope of JPKI, clarity of reporting, and contribution to nursing knowledge.

Editors may consult peer reviewers, Editorial Board members, or other experts when necessary. Decisions must remain independent from inappropriate commercial, institutional, financial, professional, or personal influence.

Editors must evaluate manuscripts based on scholarly and scientific content without discrimination based on authors' gender, race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, citizenship, institutional affiliation, disability, political beliefs, or other personal characteristics unrelated to the scientific merit of the manuscript.

Editors and editorial staff must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and associated editorial correspondence.

Information regarding a manuscript may only be disclosed to the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, relevant editorial advisers, Editorial Board members involved in manuscript handling, and the publisher where appropriate.

Unpublished information obtained through manuscript handling must not be used for personal research, professional advantage, or other purposes without the authors' explicit permission.

Editors must disclose any actual, potential, or perceived competing interests that could affect their editorial judgment.

Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts when financial, personal, professional, academic, collaborative, competitive, or institutional relationships could compromise, or reasonably appear to compromise, their impartiality.

In such circumstances, the manuscript should be assigned to another qualified editor.

Editors should take appropriate action when concerns arise regarding suspected research or publication misconduct, including plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, redundant publication, inappropriate authorship, citation manipulation, peer-review manipulation, unethical research practices, or undisclosed competing interests.

Concerns should be handled fairly, confidentially, consistently, and in accordance with recognized publication ethics procedures.

When errors or concerns affecting the reliability or integrity of an article published in JPKI are identified, the journal will consider appropriate post-publication action.

Depending on the nature and severity of the issue, editorial action may include a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other appropriate notice.

JPKI is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record.

Peer review assists editors in evaluating the scientific quality, originality, methodological rigor, relevance, and presentation of submitted manuscripts.

Constructive reviewer comments also assist authors in improving the scientific quality and clarity of their manuscripts.

Reviewers should accept assignments only when they possess appropriate expertise and sufficient time to provide a thorough and timely review.

All manuscripts received for peer review must be treated as confidential documents.

Reviewers must not share manuscripts, review reports, unpublished findings, data, or information obtained through the peer-review process with unauthorized individuals.

Unpublished information obtained through peer review must not be used for the reviewer's own research, publication, commercial activities, or personal or professional advantage.

Reviews should be conducted objectively, constructively, respectfully, and professionally.

Reviewers should provide clear and evidence-based comments focused on the scientific content of the manuscript. Personal criticism, hostile or discriminatory language, unsupported allegations, or comments unrelated to scientific evaluation are inappropriate.

Reviewers should notify the editor if they identify potential ethical or research integrity concerns, including plagiarism, substantial overlap with existing publications, duplicate publication, questionable research practices, data integrity concerns, inappropriate authorship, insufficient ethical approval, or other potential misconduct.

Reviewers should report concerns directly to the editor rather than independently investigating or contacting authors.

Reviewers must disclose any actual, potential, or perceived competing interests that could affect their impartiality.

Reviewers should decline an invitation when significant competing interests arise from financial, personal, professional, academic, collaborative, competitive, or institutional relationships with the authors or organizations associated with the manuscript.

Reviewers should recommend additional references only when they are scientifically relevant and necessary for improving the manuscript.

Reviewers must not request citations primarily for the purpose of increasing citations to their own publications, publications of their colleagues, JPKI, or associated institutions.

Reviewers remain fully responsible for the content, accuracy, integrity, and confidentiality of their reviews.

Any permitted use of AI-assisted technologies must not compromise manuscript confidentiality, reviewer independence, research integrity, intellectual property rights, or the integrity of the peer-review process.

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, as the publisher of Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia (JPKI), is committed to supporting the integrity, transparency, accessibility, sustainability, and editorial independence of the journal.

The publisher supports the independence of editorial decisions and does not permit commercial, institutional, professional, or other inappropriate interests to influence decisions regarding manuscript acceptance or rejection.

The publisher supports the Editorial Board in addressing allegations of research and publication misconduct and in implementing corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, and other appropriate measures necessary to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

The publisher also supports responsible open-access scholarly publishing and the long-term accessibility and dissemination of articles published in JPKI.

Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia (JPKI) takes all credible allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously.

Potential misconduct may include, but is not limited to:

• Plagiarism;
• Data fabrication;
• Data falsification;
• Inappropriate image manipulation;
• Duplicate or redundant publication;
• Inappropriate authorship;
• Citation manipulation;
• Peer-review manipulation;
• Unethical research involving human participants or animals;
• Undisclosed competing interests; and
• Other breaches of research integrity.

When concerns are raised, JPKI will assess the available information fairly, objectively, and confidentially. The journal may request explanations, supporting documentation, original data, ethical approval documents, or other relevant materials from the authors.

Where necessary and appropriate, JPKI may communicate with authors' institutions, research ethics committees, other journals, publishers, funding organizations, or relevant authorities in accordance with established publication ethics procedures.

JPKI seeks to address ethical concerns consistently and transparently in accordance with the principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Reference: Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)