Penggunaan highly active antiteritorial therapy (Haart) terhadap health related quality of life (HRQOL) pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS

Angga Wilandika

doi:10.17509/jpki.v4i2.108

Abstract

HIV/AIDS is one disease that cause death. This disease can reduce the quality of life of peple living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, until now. However, HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease and incureable, but this disease can be controlled with the use of antiretroviral therapy. Currently, antiretroviral therapy has been widely developed and the latest class was considered quite effective in controlling the HIV/AIDS is Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). This article aims to identify the use of HAART on health related quality of life (HRQOL) or the quality of life of PLWHA. The methode used was the literature review. The literature search was conducted through the PubMed and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source (January 2005 – October 2017) databases, were searched using keyword term "quality of life", "health related quality of life", "HAART" and “HIV/AIDS”. In addition, the selected article is limited only to original research. The study results revealed that the use of HAART in people living with HIV/AIDS could reduce the viral load, so that can increase the levels of CD4 in the body. HAART could improve the immune system of PLWHA, so the age of PLWHA tend to elongate and the quality of life can be better. However, the use of HAART also has side effects related to the toxicity of the drug. Some PLWHA experience complications from the use of HAART drugs. Therefore, the use of HAART drugs should be carried out regularly with the supervision of a medical team or nurse who is competent in the administration of antiretroviral drugs.

Abstrak

HIV/AIDS merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan kematian pada penderitanya. Penyakit ini mengganggu kualitas hidup penderitanya. Terlebih lagi sampai saat ini penyakit HIV/AIDS belum ada obatnya. Meskipun demikian, penyakit HIV/AIDS dapat dikendalikan dengan penggunaan terapi antiretroviral. Saat ini terapi antiretroviral sudah banyak dikembangkan dan golongan terbaru yang dianggap cukup efektif mengendalikan gelaja HIV/AIDS yaitu Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penggunaan HAART terhdap health related quality of life (HRQOL) atau kualitas hidup kesehatan dari orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui database PubMed dan ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source (Januari 2005 – Oktober 2017), menggunakan kata kunci penelusuran “quality of life”, “helath related quality of life”, “HAART”, dan HIV/AIDS. Selain itu, artikel yang dipilih dibatasi hanya pada penelitian original. Hasil kajian mengungkapkan bahwa penggunaan HAART pada ODHA dapat menekan jumlah virus HIV yang berdampak meningkatkan kadar CD4 dalam tubuh. Penggunaan HAART dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh ODHA, sehingga usia penderita HIV/AIDS cenderung memanjang dan kualitas hidup pun menjadi lebih baik. Namun di sisi lain, penggunaan HAART yang dikonsumsi ODHA seumur hidup juga memiliki efek samping terkait toksisitas obat tersebut. Ada kalanya beberapa ODHA mengalami komplikasi dari penggunaan obat HAART tersebut. Oleh karena itu penggunaan obat HAART sebaiknya dilakukan secara teratur dengan pengawasan tim medis atau perawat yang kompeten dalam pemberian terapi antiretroviral.

Keywords:

antiretroviral theraphy HAART HIV/AIDS PLWHA quality of life

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