Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan perawatan paliatif pada pasien HIV/AIDS di Indonesia

Linlin Lindayani

doi:10.17509/jpki.v4i2.102

Abstract

The objective of this study was determine patient’s needs of palliative care and factors associated with their needs of palliative care in patients with HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted using a cross sectional study at a HIV/AIDS non-government organization in Bandung, Indonesia. Individuals were assessed for demographic data, social-economic, and clinical information and a questionnaire of Problems and Needs of Palliative Care (PNPC). A total of 215 patients with HIV/AIDS were enrolled. Initiation of ART (t=-4.13, 95% CI= -3.16- -1.12), a higher CD4 a count (t= -3.58, 95% CI= -0.01- -0.00), living in urban area (t=-4.33, 95% CI= -5.17- -1.93), and higher monthly income (t=-2.24, p value=0.03, 95% CI= -3.419 - -1.052), and unmarried (t=2.11, % CI= -3.419 - -1.052) were related to the needs of palliative care with R square was 0.185. In conclusion, initiation of antiretroviral therapy is key important factors associated with palliative care needs. The findings support the health policy makers to encourage initiating antiretroviral therapy following the WHO guidelines for “treat for all people with HIV”.

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan perawatan paliatif pada pasein dengan HIV/AIDS di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode cross sectional di salah satu Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) yang berfokus pada penanganan HIV/AIDS di Bandung, Indonesia. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi data pengkajian demografik pasien, sosial-ekonimi, infomasi klinis dan pengkajian kebutuhan paliatif dengan kuesiner yang sudah diterjemahkan kedalam Bahasa Indonesia yaitu Problems and Needs of Palliative Care (PNPC). Sejumlah 215 pasien dengan HIV/AIDS berhasil direkruit dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisa multivariate dengan linear regresi didapatkan bahwa konsumsi obat antiretroviral (t=-4,13, 95% CI= -3,16- -1,12), jumlah CD4 (t= -3,58, 95% CI= -0,01- -0,00), tempat tinggal (t=-4,33, 95% CI= -5,17- -1,93), pendapatan per bulan (t=-2,24, p value=0,03, 95% CI= -3,419 - -1,052), dan status pernikahan (t=2,11, % CI= -3,419 - -1,052) berhubungan dengan kebutuhan perawatan paliatif pada pasien HIV/AIDS dengan R² sebesar 0,185. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan konsumsi obat antiretroviral sangat berpengaruh terhadap kebutuhan perawatan paliatif care pasien HIV/AIDS. Sehingga, diharapkan pemerintah Indonesia dapat meningkatkan pelayanan dan penyediaan obat antiretroviral (ARV) pada pasien dengan HIV/AIDS sesuai dengan yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO tahun 2015, yaitu memberikan obat antiretroviral kepada semua pasien HIV/AIDS tanpa mempertimbangkan jumlah CD4.

Keywords:

HIV/AIDS needs palliative care

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